Bada'i al-Zuhur fi Waqa'i al-Duhur Muhammad ibn Iyas al-Hanafi

Bada'i' al-Zuhur fi Waqa'i' al-Duhur (Marvellous Blossoms on the Events of the Ages)”* is a historical work by *Muhammad ibn Iyas al-Hanafi*, an Egyptian historian who lived in the sixteenth century CE. The book is considered one of the most important historical sources focusing on the history of Egypt during the Mamluk era and the Ottoman period.

The book covers the history of Egypt during an important period of the Islamic eras, starting from *Mamluk rule* through to *the Ottoman period*. In this work, the author provides details of the political, social and economic events the country witnessed, as well as covering many of the internal and external wars and invasions that shaped Egypt's history.

The book is distinguished by its precise documentation of events and its attention to day-to-day historical happenings, and it is a valuable reference for understanding the development of the Mamluk state, local and regional politics, and Egypt's foreign relations in that era.

*“Bada'i' al-Zuhur fi Waqa'i' al-Duhur”* is regarded as one of the most prominent works narrating the history of Egypt through complex periods and decisive transformations, and it is an important reference for researchers in Egyptian Islamic history.