كتاب تاريخ مصر من الفتح العثماني إلى قبيل الوقت الحاضر عمر الإسكندراني وسليم حسن

Modern Egyptian history is dynamic, filled with monumental events that are difficult for any historian to grasp all at once. Egypt was under Ottoman control since 1517 AD, when Sultan Selim I was able to eliminate the Mamluk state and execute its last sultan, "Tuman Bay." However, the Mamluks exploited the weakness that afflicted the Ottoman Empire, and Ali Bey Al-Kabeer was able to seize sole power. But soon, Ottoman rule returned again until the French campaign came to Egypt and lasted for three years. Afterwards, "Muhammad Ali" assumed power and revived the country, but Europe resisted his revival and put an end to it in 1840 AD, and its intervention in Egyptian affairs continued until it occupied it in 1882 AD.